Thy Art Is Murder Make America Hate Again Lyrics
| Eastward | |
|---|---|
| East e | |
| (See below) | |
 | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Latin script |
| Blazon | Alphabetic |
| Language of origin | Latin language |
| Phonetic usage |
|
| Unicode codepoint | U+0045, U+0065 |
| Alphabetical position | v |
| History | |
| Development |
|
| Time period | c. 700 BC to present |
| Descendants |
|
| Sisters |
|
| Variations | (Run across below) |
| Other | |
| Other letters usually used with | ee |
E, or east, is the 5th letter of the alphabet and the 2nd vowel letter in the modernistic English language alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Its name in English is due east (pronounced ); plural ees,[i] Es or E's.[two] It is the most normally used letter of the alphabet in many languages, including Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Hungarian, Latin, Latvian, Norwegian, Spanish, and Swedish. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
History
| Egyptian hieroglyph qʼ | Proto-Sinaitic | Proto-Canaanite hillul | Phoenician He | Etruscan East | Greek Epsilon | Latin/ Cyrillic Due east |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The Latin letter of the alphabet 'E' differs piffling from its source, the Greek letter epsilon, 'Ε'. This in turn comes from the Semitic letter hê, which has been suggested to accept started as a praying or calling human being figure (hillul 'jubilation'), and was most probable based on a like Egyptian hieroglyph that indicated a unlike pronunciation. In Semitic, the letter represented /h/ (and /e/ in foreign words); in Greek, hê became the alphabetic character epsilon, used to represent /due east/. The various forms of the Old Italic script and the Latin alphabet followed this usage.
Use in writing systems
Pronunciation of the name of the letter ⟨e⟩ in European languages
English
Although Heart English spelling used ⟨e⟩ to represent long and short /e/, the Bang-up Vowel Shift changed long /eː/ (as in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while short /ɛ/ (as in 'met' or 'bed') remained a mid vowel. In other cases, the alphabetic character is silent, generally at the end of words like queue.
Other languages
In the orthography of many languages it represents either [e], [e̞], [ɛ], or some variation (such every bit a nasalized version) of these sounds, often with diacritics (as: ⟨due east ê é è ë ē ĕ ě ẽ ė ẹ ę ẻ⟩) to signal contrasts. Less commonly, as in French, German, or Saanich, ⟨eastward⟩ represents a mid-central vowel /ə/. Digraphs with ⟨east⟩ are common to signal either diphthongs or monophthongs, such as ⟨ea⟩ or ⟨ee⟩ for /iː/ or /eɪ/ in English, ⟨ei⟩ for /aɪ/ in German, and ⟨eu⟩ for /ø/ in French or /ɔɪ/ in German.
Other systems
The International Phonetic Alphabet uses ⟨e⟩ for the close-mid front unrounded vowel or the mid forepart unrounded vowel.
Most common letter
'Due east' is the almost mutual (or highest-frequency) letter in the English language alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase ETAOIN SHRDLU) and several other European languages, which has implications in both cryptography and data compression. In the story "The Aureate-Issues" past Edgar Allan Poe, a character figures out a random grapheme code by remembering that the most used letter in English is E. This makes it a hard and popular letter to use when writing lipograms. Ernest Vincent Wright's Gadsby (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at least part of Wright'southward narrative bug were caused by linguistic communication limitations imposed by the lack of East."[eight] Both Georges Perec's novel A Void (La Disparition) (1969) and its English translation by Gilbert Adair omit 'due east' and are considered better works.[9]
- E with diacritics: Ĕ ĕ Ḝ ḝ Ȇ ȇ Ê ê Ê̄ ê̄ Ê̌ ê̌ Ề ề Ế ế Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ẻ ẻ Ḙ ḙ Ě ě Ɇ ɇ Ė ė Ė́ ė́ Ė̃ ė̃ Ẹ ẹ Ë ë È è È̩ è̩ Ȅ ȅ É é É̩ Ē ē Ḕ ḕ Ḗ ḗ Ẽ ẽ Ḛ ḛ Ę ę Ę́ ę́ Ę̃ ę̃ Ȩ ȩ E̩ e̩ ᶒ[x]
- ⱸ : E with notch is used in the Swedish Dialect Alphabet[11]
- Æ æ : Latin AE ligature
- Œ œ : Latin OE ligature
- The umlaut diacritic ¨ used above a vowel letter in German and other languages to indicate a fronted or front vowel (this sign originated equally a superscript east)
- Phonetic alphabet symbols related to E (the International Phonetic Alphabet only uses lowercase, just uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems):
- Ɛ ɛ : Latin letter epsilon / open up e, which represents an open-mid front unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ᶓ : Epsilon / open e with retroflex hook[x]
- Ɜ ɜ : Latin letter reversed epsilon / open east, which represents an open up-mid cardinal unrounded vowel in the IPA
- ɝ : Latin small letter reversed epsilon / open e with claw, which represents a rhotacized open-mid central vowel in the IPA
- ᶔ : Reversed epsilon / open e with retroflex claw[10]
- ᶟ : Modifier letter pocket-size reversed epsilon / open eastward[10]
- ɞ : Latin small-scale letter closed reversed open e, which represents an open up-mid central rounded vowel in IPA (shown as ʚ on the 1993 IPA nautical chart)
- Ə ə : Latin letter schwa, which represents a mid central vowel in the IPA
- Ǝ ǝ : Latin letter of the alphabet turned e, which is used in the writing systems of some African languages
- ɘ : Latin letter reversed e, which represents a close-mid cardinal unrounded vowel in the IPA
- The Uralic Phonetic Alphabet uses various forms of e and epsilon / open e:[12]
- U+1D07 ᴇ LATIN LETTER Pocket-sized CAPITAL Eastward
- U+1D08 ᴈ LATIN Pocket-sized Letter of the alphabet TURNED Open Eastward
- U+1D31 ᴱ MODIFIER Letter Uppercase E
- U+1D32 ᴲ MODIFIER LETTER CAPITAL REVERSED E
- U+1D49 ᵉ MODIFIER Letter of the alphabet Pocket-size E
- U+1D4B ᵋ MODIFIER Alphabetic character Pocket-sized Open E
- U+1D4C ᵌ MODIFIER LETTER Small-scale TURNED OPEN E
- U+2C7B ⱻ LATIN Letter Pocket-size Capital letter TURNED E [thirteen]
- e : Subscript small due east is used in Indo-European studies[14]
- Teuthonista phonetic transcription system symbols related to E:[15]
- U+AB32 ꬲ LATIN SMALL Letter of the alphabet BLACKLETTER E
- U+AB33 ꬳ LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED E
- U+AB34 ꬴ LATIN Small LETTER E WITH FLOURISH
Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets
- 𐤄 : Semitic letter He (letter), from which the following symbols originally derive
- Ε ε : Greek letter of the alphabet Epsilon, from which the post-obit symbols originally derive
- Е е : Cyrillic letter Ye
- Є є : Ukrainian Ye
- Э э : Cyrillic letter E
- Ⲉ ⲉ : Coptic letter Ei
- 𐌄 : Old Italic E, which is the antecedent of modern Latin Due east
- ᛖ : Runic letter Ehwaz, which is possibly a descendant of Former Italic E
- 𐌴 : Gothic letter eyz
- Ε ε : Greek letter of the alphabet Epsilon, from which the post-obit symbols originally derive
Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations
- € : Euro sign.
- ℮ : Estimated sign (used on prepackaged goods for auction within the European Marriage).
- east : the symbol for the elementary charge (the electric charge carried by a single proton)
- ∃ : existential quantifier in predicate logic. It is read "there exists ... such that".
- ∈ : the symbol for set membership in fix theory.
- 𝑒 : the base of operations of the natural logarithm.
Code points
| Preview | E | e | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode proper noun | LATIN Capital Alphabetic character Eastward | LATIN SMALL LETTER E | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 69 | U+0045 | 101 | U+0065 |
| UTF-8 | 69 | 45 | 101 | 65 |
| Numeric grapheme reference | E | E | e | e |
| EBCDIC family | 197 | C5 | 133 | 85 |
| ASCII 1 | 69 | 45 | 101 | 65 |
- 1 Likewise for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.
Other representations
In British Sign Language (BSL), the letter 'e' is signed past extending the alphabetize finger of the right hand touching the tip of alphabetize on the left mitt, with all fingers of left mitt open up.
Use equally a number
In the hexadecimal (base 16) numbering arrangement, E is a number that corresponds to the number 14 in decimal (base x) counting.
References
- ^ "East" a letter Merriam-Webster's Third New International Lexicon of the English Language Entire (1993). Ees is the plural of the proper name of the alphabetic character; the plural of the letter itself is rendered Due east's, Esouth, e's, or eastwardsouth.
- ^ "E". Oxford Dictionary of English (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN9780199571123.
noun (plural Es or E's)
- ^ Kelk, Brian. "Alphabetic character frequencies". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2022-02-02 .
- ^ Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English language Obviously text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Central College. Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in Spanish". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in French". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ "Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in German". Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2008-06-25 .
- ^ Ross Eckler, Making the Alphabet Trip the light fantastic: Recreational Word Play. New York: St. Martin'south Printing (1996): three
- ^ Eckler (1996): 3. Perec's novel "was so well written that at to the lowest degree some reviewers never realized the existence of a letter of the alphabet constraint."
- ^ a b c d Constable, Peter (2004-04-xix). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add boosted phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Lemonen, Therese; Ruppel, Klaas; Kolehmainen, Erkki I.; Sandström, Caroline (2006-01-26). "L2/06-036: Proposal to encode characters for Ordbok över Finlands svenska folkmål in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Everson, Michael; et al. (2002-03-20). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-02-nineteen. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Ruppel, Klaas; Rueter, Jack; Kolehmainen, Erkki I. (2006-04-07). "L2/06-215: Proposal for Encoding 3 Boosted Characters of the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Anderson, Deborah; Everson, Michael (2004-06-07). "L2/04-191: Proposal to encode half dozen Indo-Europeanist phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-x-eleven. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
- ^ Everson, Michael; Dicklberger, Alois; Pentzlin, Karl; Wandl-Vogt, Eveline (2011-06-02). "L2/11-202: Revised proposal to encode "Teuthonista" phonetic characters in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-eleven. Retrieved 2018-03-24 .
External links
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E
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